For Final Terms

Dear students!

Please download following Book for complete reference.
Complete Reference

For Exams you have to study Page 10-18.

Following are four lectures we studied in class.
All Lectures

Interrupts & Pipelining topics are also included.

Interrupts

Sometimes the ordinary flow of a program must be interrupted to process events that require prompt response. The hardware of a computer provides a mechanism called interrupts to handle these events. For example, when a mouse is moved, the mouse hardware interrupts the current program to handle the mouse movement (to move the mouse cursor, etc.) Interrupts cause control to be passed to an interrupt handler. Interrupt handlers are routines that process the interrupt. Each type of interrupt is assigned an integer number. At the beginning of physical memory, a table of interrupt vectors resides that contain the segmented addresses of the interrupt handlers. The number of interrupt is essentially an index into this table.External interrupts are raised from outside the CPU. (The mouse is an example of this type.) Many I/O devices raise interrupts (e.g., keyboard, timer, disk drives, CD-ROM and sound cards). Internal interrupts are raised from within the CPU, either from an error or the interrupt instruction. Error interrupts are also called traps. Interrupts generated from the interrupt instruction are called software interrupts. DOS uses these types of interrupts to implement its API (Application Programming Interface). More modern operating systems (such as Windows and UNIX) use a C based interface. Many interrupt handlers return control back to the interrupted program when they finish. They restore all the registers to the same values they had before the interrupt occurred. Thus, the interrupted program runs as if nothing happened (except that it lost some CPU cycles). Traps generally do not return. Often they abort the program.

Presentation - Pipelining

Dear Students!

On Tuesday 16 September 2014 each student have to give presentation on "Pipelining", 10 minutes each.

Midterm Exam

Dear Students!

It is to inform you that on Friday, 12th Sep 2014. Midterm Exam of One Hour will be held.

Best of Luck.

Muhammad Aamir

Lecture # 4, Computer Organization and Assembly Languages

Dear Students!

You can download Lecture # 4 from below link

Lecture # 4, Computer Organization and Assembly Languages

Lecture # 3, Computer Organization and Assembly Languages

Dear Students!

You can download Lecture # 3 from below link

Lecture # 3, Computer Organization and Assembly Languages

Lecture # 2, Computer Organization and Assembly Languages

Dear Students!

You can download Lecture # 2 from below link

Lecture # 2, Computer Organization and Assembly Languages

Lecture # 1, Computer Organization and Assembly Languages

Dear Students!

You can download Lecture # 1 from below link

Lecture # 1